PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY, MD, June 23—Antiracists, including members of Progressive Labor Party, paid tribute to the struggle for justice for Archie Elliott III, murdered by the police here 25 years ago. Archie’s mother Dorothy Copp Elliott, who has been waging the decades-long struggle, raised the importance of multiracial unity. The night showed why all workers should unite to end police terror. An injury to one is an injury to all.  
Twenty-five people participated in this fundraiser for a scholarship in Archie’s memory. Two people received $2,500 each. The scholarship is for Black students who plan to attend an HBCU (Historically Black College or University). The committee needs more funds to keep Archie’s name alive. The fund symbolizes our commitment to continue the struggle to end racist police terror. Donations can be made at http://PayPal.me/DElliottScholarship.
Injustice system kills Archie, again
Archie, 24, was pulled over in 1993 while driving home from his construction job, searched, handcuffed behind his back, and placed in the front seat of a police cruiser. Two cops alleged that Archie pointed a gun at the cops. The police then shot him 22 times, 14 shots fatally hitting him.
The usual racist capitalist injustice system then kicked into high gear. The cops got off without any consequences. Appeals even reached the Supreme Court, which declined to hear his case. Recent efforts to re-open the case were also refused by the States Attorney Angela Alsobrooks, who is likely to be the next County Executive.
Black, Latin, white unite against racism
At the fundraiser, Dorothy noted that Wayne Cheney, the Prince George’s cop who killed Archie, murdered again a year and a half later. This time, he fatally shot a young white man, again with impunity and no discipline. This fact symbolizes the reality that racist police terror creates a culture that endangers the entire working class. It is in all workers’ class interest to to fight racism in all forms.

 
The principle criticism of Donald Trump by the main wing of the U.S. ruling class, as advanced by liberals flooding the pages of their chief mouthpiece, the New York Times, is that Trump is destroying the “world order of peace and prosperity” that the U.S. has led for the 70 years since the end of World War II. They indict Trump’s “systematic rejection of longstanding American values…that actually made America great,” a “benign empire, held together by…respect rather than force.” NYT, 6/19)

While the decline of U.S.-led world order is very much real, the “peace and prosperity” is all fake news. Those 70 years of “benign peace” include these U.S.-rulers’ military interventions:

• Syria (1949) — Pres. Truman instigated a coup overthrowing elected government because a U.S. corporate oil pipeline was being delayed; six weeks after the coup, the pipeline was approved.
• Korea (1950-1953) — U.S. invasion
• Laos (1953-1975) — U.S. bombing
• Iran (1953) — Pres. Eisenhower had CIA overthrow elected Mossadegh government and install Shah as dictator.
• Guatemala (1954) — U.S. instigated overthrow of a popularly elected government’s land reform, installing a military dictatorship murdering 100,000 workers and peasants.
• Lebanon (1958) — U.S. sends troops to intervene in election.
• Cuba (1961) — Bay of Pigs invasion to overthrow Castro government; defeated.
• Guyana (1963-64) — CIA, AFL-CIO joined forces to overthrow Cheddi Jagan government.
• Vietnam (1965-1975) — U.S. invaded, bombed North and South Vietnam, killing three million; defeated.
• Domincan Republic (1965) — Pres. Johnson ordered invasion to install “friendly” gov’t.
• Cambodia (1967-1975) — Invade and bomb, part of war against Vietnam.
• Chile (1973) — CIA and Kissinger engineer coup to overthrow elected Allende government, install Pinochet dictatorship.
• Lebanon (1982-84) — Reagan sends troops; withdraws after bombing of U.S. embassy.
• Grenada (1983) — Reagan invades to overthrow elected government, install “friendly” one.
• Nicaragua (1985) — Reagan arms, finances Contras to attack elected government.
• Panama (1989-90) — Bush, Sr., orders invasion to install new government.
• Iraq Gulf War I (1990-91) — Bush, Sr.  deploys 500,000 troops to oppose Saddam Hussein in Kuwait.
• Iraq no-fly zone (1991-2003) — Food and medicine denial results in death of 500,000 children.
• Bosnia (1992-95) — Clinton’s bombings destroy much of infrastructure.
• Haiti (1994-95) — U.S. troops invade to install “friendly” government, insure U.S. corporate investments.
• Kosovo (1998-99) — Massive U.S. bombings.
• Afghanistan (2001, ongoing) — Longest U.S. war in history, Bush, Jr., and Obama deploy hundreds of thousands of troops, spread mass destruction.
• Iraq II (2003-2011) — Bush, Jr., and Obama hit fictional “weapons of mass destruction,” kill hundreds of thousands.
• Pakistan (2004-2018) — 10,000 drone airstrikes, kill thousands of civilians.
• Somalia (2007-2018) — Troops support U.S. side in civil war.
• Libya (2011) — Obama’s 11,200 air strikes support U.S. side in civil war.
• Iraq (2014-2017) — Obama/Trump’s 10,000 air strikes.
• Syria (2014 – 2018) — Obama-Trump’s 11,200 air strikes.
• Yemen (2015-2018) — U.S. arms Saudi-led invasion, erects naval blockade.
• Libya 2015-2019) — Arm one side in second Libyan civil war.

In 2007, Bush, Jr. established the U.S. Africa Command to direct U.S. troops in nine African countries.
From 1946 to 2000, the U.S. intervened in foreign elections in 81 countries, overtly and covertly — Italy, Japan, Philippines, and Lebanon, among others. (Carnegie-Mellon University researchers) One example: “U.S. played important role in Italy in 1948 in preventing a Communist Party victory [over the Christian Democrats]; “covertly delivered ‘bags of money’ to cover Christian Democrats’ expenses, sent experts to help run their elections” and threatened to end U.S. “aid” to Italy if communists were to win. They did the same in seven subsequent elections.
Such is the U.S. world order of peace. If working people want peace, we need to fight for it. For a world without imperialist violence, we need to build a communist-led world order.

President Donald Trump’s latest vicious attack on undocumented immigrants and their children has accelerated the rise of fascism amid U.S. imperialist decline.
Trump is supported by a mass, racist section of the working class that scapegoats and dehumanizes immigrant workers for the failures of the profit system—even as the bosses super-exploit immigrants for needed labor. But larger masses of workers around the world have recoiled in outrage and disgust at this state-sponsored child abuse, which has traumatized more than two thousand children. These workers are pushing back in support of their class sisters and brothers, and politicians are running for cover.
On June 20, in response to growing protests and defections from his own racist camp, the Terrorist-in-Chief signed an executive order to modify his “zero tolerance” policy to prosecute all “illegal” border-crossers—including seekers of asylum—and to kidnap and warehouse their children. Videos of teenagers in cages and audio recordings of toddlers crying inconsolably for their mothers recalled past concentration camps, from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Japanese internment hellholes during World War II to the Nazi death factories in Germany. Trump upheld this fascist tradition with a racist rant blaming Democrats for allowing “illegal” immigrants “to infest our country” (CNN, 6/19).
Monstrous treatment of Latin children
The capitalist bosses—Democrats and Republicans alike—have a monstrous history of victimizing children to terrorize and divide the working class. Over more than two centuries of slavery in the U.S., countless children were bought and sold away from their parents. Into the 1970s, more than one of three indigenous children were stolen from their families by government agencies and religious institutions (dailykos, 2/2/13).
With the U.S. Supreme Court upholding Trump’s racist anti-Muslim travel ban on June 26, the bosses have declared open season on immigrants—and proven once again that the U.S. Constitution isn’t worth the paper it is written on. To implement their legalized kidnappings, the Gestapo of the U.S. Border Patrol lied to parents who “were told their children were being taken for a bath” (Los Angeles Times, 6/16). Others, including at least one breastfeeding mother, had their children physically yanked from their arms (Hufffington Post, 6/22). In the dead of night, the Department of Homeland Security shipped two babies under a year old to an airport in Michigan (Detroit Free Press, 6/20).
Abuse in these concentration camps is rampant. An undocumented 14-year-old in McAllen, Texas, said he was “kept in handcuffs and then tied to a chair with a restraint placed over his face with holes so he could breathe.” Similar punishment was meted out to at least five other children, including one who said he was strapped naked to a chair for more than two days (CNN, 6/21).
On June 26, a federal judge ordered the Trump administration to reunite all separated families within 30 days, and those with children under five within 14 days. Given the administrative chaos and the fact that many parents have already been deported, the ruling’s impact is uncertain at best. Hundreds of children will likely be trapped in institutions across the country for indefinite periods, with little or no contact with their families. As the judge wrote: “[U]nder the current system, migrant children are not accounted for with the same efficiency and accuracy as property” (New York Times, 6/27).
Under capitalism, workers are disposable
commodities.
Trump advances fascism
While Trump’s anti-immigrant gutter racism represents a clear step toward fascism, the foundation for his approach was laid by predecessors from both parties. In 1996, Bill Clinton backed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, which authorized a border wall, beefed up the brutal Border Patrol, and allowed for the jailing of undocumented immigrants for up to two years before deportation.  In 2005, George W. Bush’s Operation Streamline further criminalized immigrants by making a second border crossing a potential felony.
Deporter-in-Chief Barack Obama forced over 3 million people out of the U.S. While Obama won liberals’ approval for backing the Dream Act, “he actually contributed to the criminalization of large groups of immigrants and so fed directly into Trump’s future rhetoric. He also drew on Bill Clinton’s ‘tough on crime’ policies in ways that linked the criminalization of people of color with the deportation of ‘criminal’ immigrants (also overwhelmingly people of color)…[and] helped foment white racial fears” (Nation, 4/25/17). Under Trump’s June 20 order, the government will set up new family-style concentration camps—Obama’s preferred solution. Another proposal would imprison up to 20,000 “unaccompanied alien children” on four military bases in Texas and Arkansas (NYT, 6/22).
Emboldened by a 90 percent approval rating among Republicans (NYT, 6/24), Trump remains defiant. He trumpets Big Lies about fictional immigrant criminality while calling for an end to “due process” and the elimination of judges to hear immigrants’ claims for asylum.
Splits in a declining empire
But Trump may be pushing the limits of what the main wing of the U.S. ruling class will tolerate, at least at this moment. While the finance capitalists care nothing about immigrants, they have deep concerns about the mulilateral alliances that prop up their teetering empire, from NATO to NAFTA—all in jeopardy under Trump’s “America First” agenda. The bosses also have growing qualms about the inept president’s ability to fend off rising imperialist rivals China and Russia.
Capitalism is in crisis worldwide, with the U.S.-led “liberal world order” in freefall. Nationalist rulers have seized power from Eastern Europe to Turkey to the Phillipines. Formerly stalwart U.S. allies like Germany, Italy, and Britain are in internal disarray. In the New York Times (6/18), in an opinion piece titled “Fall of the American Empire,” main-wing mouthpiece Paul Krugman bemoaned Trump’s latest anti-immigrant attacks and the decline of U.S. imperialism in equal measure:
Committing atrocities at the border, attacking the domestic rule of law, insulting democratic leaders while praising thugs, and breaking up trade agreements are all about ending American exceptionalism, turning our back on the ideals that made us different from other powerful nations….
We were the leader of the free world, a moral as well as financial and military force. But we’re throwing all that away.
Meanwhile, the U.S. military is seeing a rise in enlistments by Latin workers (Pew Research Center, 4/12/17)—a group of vital importance for the main-wing bosses’ plans for an eventual World War III. They must find a way to win millions of young people to fight and die for U.S. imperialism, the main point of Obama’s Dream Act. The rulers need racism, too, to divide and exploit our class—but Trump has made it too raw, too obvious, too ugly. The liberals’ pleas for “humanity” is really a call to sustain U.S. global supremacy.
International solidarity
Workers are rising to say: Enough is enough. Antiracists have demonstrated against deportations in New York, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, Houston, Paris, and London. Their solidarity represents a tremendous opportunity for the revolutionary communist Progressive Labor Party.
For PLP and its international base, the global migration crisis underlines our struggle to build a world without racist borders. As capitalism implodes and fascism intensifies, so too will a working-class movement grow and spread throughout the world. We are united in the same fight: one working class, one Party, one undivided world under the red flag of communism. Smash deportations! Join PLP!

As sharpening inter-imperialist rivalry leads to larger wars and fascism, the U.S. capitalist rulers are trying to solve the crisis of their failing profit system by attacking the working class. Over the next several issues of CHALLENGE, we will be writing about how these attacks are affecting workers—and how a communist-led revolutionary movement can fight back.

On June 10, New York City settled a lawsuit brought by Federal Prosecutors by admitting that New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) bosses had lied about performing lead paint inspections and directed their building managers to hide dangerous conditions from inspectors.
The problems included rat- and roach- infested buildings, rampant mold from leaking pipes and a winter in which over 300,000 residents went without heat for at least part of the season.
At least 19 children have confirmed lead poisoning and that number is expected to soar as more families have their children tested (NY Daily News 6/11). The settlement includes a court appointed monitor to oversee NYCHA and a minimum of 2.2 billion dollars to be spent by the city over the next five years to make repairs on NYCHA buildings.
NYCHA was built as part of the New Deal to provide affordable housing at the height of the Depression in 1935 while NYC was the largest industrial concentration in the U.S.
Today the local and federal bosses have left the public housing system in a state of disrepair, on the verge of ruin. The decline of public housing shows the limits of reforms under capitalism and the inability of capitalism to meet the long-term needs of the working class.
Built in an industrial city
NYCHA is a series of public housing developments spread across New York City. At the time, New York led the country in building well-maintained, affordable housing for the working class.
NYCHA represented, along with programs like the WPA, Social Security and Unemployment Benefits a social contract modeled after European capitalism’s response to mass uprisings by the working class. In 1941, the over 1 million manufacturing jobs represented 60 percent of the city’s workforce.All this housing was segregated by race or excluded Black families altogether.
Public housing was built with great fanfare. Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia proclaimed in 1936 at a public housing construction site “Down with rotten antiquated rat holes…let in the sun…a new day is dawning, a new life, a new America.” (Guernicamag.com 10/1/2014)
But, NYCHA did not solve the city’s housing problems. Most notably, tenants had to have a job to be eligible for an apartment. For those who could get in, it was a huge improvement.
Today, NYCHA is the largest public housing system in the country with between 400 and 600 thousand residents. The promised $2.2 billion will hardly make a dent as the system has $25 billion in unmet capital needs, “after a decades long decline in federal funding left it unable to cover investments in critical infrastructure”(WSJ 3/6/17).
Two forces of NYCHA
The rulers supported public housing because it served workers’ needs in an era of expanding capitalism. With the City limiting rents to only two thirds of the neighborhood average, it took some pressure off the bosses to raise salaries.
Public housing replaced poorly maintained tenements for the mainly white working class families that made up NYC. “The Lower East Side known as the ‘Lung Blocks,’ notorious for their transcendently high rates of tuberculosis, diphtheria, and cholera” (Guernica, 10/1/2014).
The first NYCHA housing was all white and in the Lower East Side. The second NYCHA housing was opened in Harlem in 1937, which was for Black families only (Bedford and Bowery, 1/2/2015).
Attempt to integrate
The working-class movement was able to have a big effect on the early culture of the projects. NYCHA began as purposefully segregated all-white housing. A strict selection process and minimum income requirements limited the number of Black families who were eligible.
While most of public housing was lawfully segregated in the country, NYC had one of the few examples of housing integration. The left-wing, often communist inspired collective politics of the time, also played out in day-to-day life in the developments.
 “A Tenants’ Association had been established and threw regular parties; residents took trips to the theater and held forums to discuss contemporary social and political issues. There was a daycare center, a sewing group, and a Mothers’ Club” (Bedford + Bowery, 1/2/2015).
Even as late as the early 1970s, NYCHA provided many resources to tenants. A resident of the Red Hook Houses, in Brooklyn, described growing up there.
“We had a stadium, where schools from all over the city would have track meets. We had a baseball field. We had a serious swimming pool. We had a center where we could learn martial arts and play ball (Narrative.ly 4/15/13).
In the late 1960s (influnced by the fightback of the time and white flight),NYCHA announced that tenant selection would no longer “deal with the morals of the applicants” and that it would abandon previous requirements of employment, stability, and orderliness. Single-parent black and Puerto Rican welfare recipients replaced white, middle-class tenants.”
Deindustrialization hurt workers
But the “New America” turned out to be relatively short lived. Industrial jobs moved out of the City along with white workers as part of post-war development of the suburbs. Between 1969 and 1976, New York City lost 600,000 jobs, majority of them in manufacturing. Racist housing laws forced Black and Latin workers to stay in the City.
Between 1950 and 1990 the city’s white population went from 6.7 million to 3.1 million. Along with the flight of industry and white workers went the tax base and the city responded by cutting services, putting many public workers on the street as well. The jobs that were left for the working class were mainly low paying service sector jobs. (Monthly Labor Review February 1993)
Instead of maintaining NYCHA at the same level they had been, the city, state and federal governments began to cut back on staffing. There were the first signs of basic maintenance delays. In that period, the projects were almost all Black, Latin and older white residents. Abandoned by the City’s bosses, the strength of the relationships among the tenants showed some the possibilities of a workers led society. “The housing authority’s projects were anchors of stability and safety. They were places that you wanted to get into as the neighborhoods were deteriorating around you” (NY Times 6/25).
Response to Crisis? Gentrification
The ruling class responded to the economic crisis in NYC with gentrification. Without a need to support large numbers of industrial workers, and political pressure to put falling tax dollars into schools and services for the new wealthy white residents, the City all but abandoned the projects financially.
“By the turn of the century, the idea of government as landlord went out of fashion. Suddenly, NYCHA became a victim of disinvestment as all levels of government steered billions of dollars away from the agency” (NY Times 6/25).
In one of the most blatant examples under Mayor Michael Bloomberg, “the New York City Housing Authority and its board members…failed to spend nearly $1 billion that it [had] been hoarding since 2009 to make life more livable for the … residents of its 334 developments” (NY Daily News 8/1/2012). The residents have been paying the price for the resulting extreme deterioration of conditions and services.
“The housing authority’s operating deficits and mounting costs to maintain and renovate its aging 2,462 buildings quickly impacted living conditions. Hurricane Sandy’s wrath and last winter’s frigid temperatures further exposed the buildings’ vulnerabilities…and the authority admitted in June to lying, covering up missed lead inspections and deceiving federal inspectors.”
Residents have been fighting back. The federal lawsuit was the result of tenant protests that forced news media to publicize the horrific physical condition of many of the buildings.
Mayor de Blasio’s response to the conditions in NYCHA has been to intensify the program begun under previous Mayor Michael Bloomberg of selling off project playgrounds and parking lots to private real estate developers. The new buildings are allowed to have 50 percent of the apartments go for market rates, i.e. extremely expensive, the remaining “affordable” units will require a minimum family income of over $50,000, twice the average income of public housing residents.
Most major U.S. cities have leveled their public housing. New York now seems to be following a similar script of letting the buildings decay to the point of being unlivable and then use the residents of the new for-profit private developments as a political battering ram to get rid of the projects.
The tenants are continuing to fight (see page 3). Wherever you live, this is a cause that needs your support. There is no affordable place to go. Beyond this immediate issue, the bigger question is how long will we continue to put up with a system that continually solves it problems on the backs of the working class.
Many white workers who followed jobs and new houses out to the suburbs are now themselves the victims of deindustrialization. Racist divisions built by the ruling class over many years have kept white workers in the suburbs and Black and Latin workers in the city divided.
But we are one class, not just in one city but also around the world, with a united interest in getting rid of this system that has failed. Progressive Labor Party is building a revolutionary communist movement to fight for a society that serves the working class. Join us.